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The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a fertile female and male, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of the colony is responsible for egg production for the colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her for life.62 In certain species, the abdomen of this queen swells up dramatically to increase fecundity, a characteristic known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen begins producing reproductive winged alates at a certain time of the year, and huge swarms emerge in the colony when nuptial flight begins.

A young termite nymph. Nymphs first moult into workers, but others might farther moult to become soldiers alates.

Termites are often compared with the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in major differences in life span. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the workers are exclusively female. Males (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both workers and the queen) are both diploid and grow from fertilised eggs.

Depending on species, male and female employees may have different functions in a termite colony.63.

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The entire life cycle of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult phases.64 Nymphs resemble little adults, and undergo a series of moults as they develop.

The development of nymphs into adults can take months; the time period depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of this colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, workers must feed them, but employees also take part in the social life of their colony and have certain different tasks to achieve like foraging, building or maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones regulate the caste system in termite colonies, preventing all but a very few of the termites from becoming fertile queens.68.

Queens of the eusocial termite Reticulitermes speratus are capable of a long lifespan without sacrificing fecundity. These long-lived queens have a significantly lower degree of oxidative damage, including oxidative DNA damage, than workers, soldiers and nymphs.69 The lower levels of harm appear to be due to increased catalase, an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress.69.

Termite alates only leave the colony when a nuptial flight takes place. Alate men and females pair up together and then land in search of a suitable place for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find such a spot. When they perform they excavate a chamber large enough for both, shut up the entrance and move to mate.70 After mating, the set never go outside and spend the remainder of their lives in the nest.

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For instance, alates in certain species emerge during the daytime in summer while some emerge during the winter.71 The nuptial flight might also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around areas with plenty of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, moisture, wind speed and precipitation.71 The number of termites in a colony also varies, with the bigger species typically having 1001,000 individuals.

The queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early https://innovativepestcontroladelaide.com.au/pest-inspection-adelaide/ stages of the colony, but lays as many as 1,000 per day when the colony is a few years old.53 At adulthood, a primary queen has a fantastic capacity to lay eggs. In certain species, the mature queen has a greatly distended abdomen and might produce 40,000 eggs per day.72 The two adult ovaries may possess some 2,000 ovarioles every.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to a number of times greater than prior to mating and reduces her ability to maneuver freely; attendant workers offer assistance. .

The king develops only slightly bigger after initial mating and continues to mate with the queen for life (a termite queen can survive between 30 to 50 years); this is very different from ant colonies, in that a queen mates once together with the man (s) and stores the gametes for life, as the male ants die shortly after mating.6267 If your queen is absent, a termite king produces pheromones which encourage the development of replacement termite queens.74 As the queen and king are monogamous, sperm competition does not happen.75.

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Termites going through incomplete metamorphosis on the road to becoming alates type a subcaste in certain species of termite, functioning as potential supplementary reproductives. These supplementary reproductives only grow into main reproductives upon the passing of a king or queen, or when the primary reproductives are separated out of the colony.6676 Supplementaries have the ability to replace a deceased primary reproductivesystem, and there can also be greater than a single supplementary within a colony.53 Some queens have the ability to switch from sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction.